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Hydraulic Valve Terms

Accumulator – A container that stores fluid under pressure and is used to absorb hydraulic shock.
 
Back Pressure – The pressure exerted on the downstream side of a valve seat.
 
Bonnet – A removable outer piece of a valve that makes assembly possible, sometimes considered part of the body.
 
Bleed – A small controlled line of fluid from a pressurized system.
 
Cavitation – When gas enters into the liquid stream and causes the pressure to reduce to the vapor pressure.
 
Cylinder – A device that is used to convert hydraulic energy to mechanical motion and force.
 
Differential Set Pressure – The pressure differential between the set pressure and constant superimposed backpressure.
 
Disc – The o-ring or metal wedge that seals the valve to the seat.
 
Full Flow – A condition in which the maximum amount of fluid must be allowed to travel through the system.
 
Flow Rate – The volume, mass or weight of fluid passing through a flow passage, regulated by valves.
 
Gear Boxes – Used to ensure easier operation of larger valves, particularly ball valves.
 
Hydraulic Actuator – A device fitted to the valve stem that uses hydraulic energy to open and close the valve.
 
Hydraulics – The study of fluids in motion.
 
Meter – Used to measure pressure level and volume of fluid in a hydraulic system.
 
Overpressure – The pressure increase or accumulation above the set pressure when the valve is discharging flow.
 
Pre-Charge – The residual pressure in a hydraulic actuator before the introduction of oil.
 
Reduced Bore – Indicates that the internal diameter of the valve is lower than the piping to which the valve is fitted.
 
Seal – A device that restricts the escape of fluid or entrance of foreign material.
 
Seat – The fixed surface on which a valve rests or against which it presses.
 
Solenoid – A coil of wire designed to carry an electrical current producing a magnetic field.
 
Superimposed Backpressure – The static pressure existing at the outlet of the relief device at the time the device is required to operate. It is a result of the pressure in the discharge system coming from another source. May be constant or variable.
 
Static Water Pressure – The measured pressure of water when it is not moving.
 
Viscosity – A measure of the internal friction or resistance of a fluid to flow. Viscosity is determined by measuring the liquid shear strength under specific conditions.